Konstruksjonen av resirkuleringskanaler for kraftlitiumbatterier har gått inn i en kritisk periode, høye kostnader og svak økonomi har blitt et smertepunkt i bransjen
Mens den nye energibilindustrien blomstrer og utvikler seg, har spørsmålet om resirkulering av strømbatterier også blitt fokus for industrien. Etter flere år med utvikling nærmer masseopphuggingsperioden for nye energikjøretøyer seg. Hvis et stort antall utrangerte batterier ikke kan resirkuleres og utnyttes riktig, vil det ikke bare føre til sløsing med ressurser, men også føre til problemer som miljøforurensning.
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
Industriens smertepunkter: høye kostnader, svak økonomi
Pensjonstiden for nye energipersonbiler er vanligvis 5 år, og for personbiler og nyttekjøretøy er den 3 år. Før 2022 vil de pensjonerte batteriene være dominert av litiumjernfosfatbatterier. Etter 2022 vil antallet pensjonerte ternære batterier være det samme som for litiumjernfosfat, og vil gradvis overgå dem. Den teoretiske dekommisjoneringskapasiteten til kraftbatterier i 2018 forventes å være 5,14GWh, og kilden til avvikling er i hovedsak nye energibusser.
Reporteren fikk vite at selskapene som har distribuert relaterte virksomheter hovedsakelig er delt inn i fem kategorier: tradisjonelle resirkuleringsselskaper, fremvoksende resirkuleringsselskaper, batteripakkefabrikker, batterimaterialselskaper og kjøretøyprodusenter.
Ulike typer virksomheter har ulike fordeler og ulemper. Tradisjonelle resirkuleringsselskaper har for eksempel relativt fordeler innen resirkuleringskanaler, materialregenereringsteknologi, batteriknuseteknologi og smelteteknologi, men på grunn av egen mangel på strømbatterikilder må de fortsatt samarbeide med OEM-er og skrapanlegg. Fordelene ved fremvoksende resirkuleringsselskaper gjenspeiles hovedsakelig i teknologi for knusing og demontering av batterier.
For tiden inkluderer behandlingsmetodene for avfallsbatterier hovedsakelig pyrometallurgiteknologi og hydrometallurgiteknologi. Wang Haibei, direktør for Metallurgical Research and Design Institute of Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Technology Group Co., Ltd., sa at smelteprosessen til den eksisterende teknologien er veldig komplisert og vanskelig.
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
Offentlige selskaper går sammen for å søke gjennombrudd
Som svar på de ovennevnte problemene har relevante statlige avdelinger utstedt en serie industrielle retningslinjer for å veilede og regulere resirkuleringsindustrien for strømbatterier.
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
Ifølge rapporter, etter at det utrangerte batteriet har bestått evalueringen, kan kaskadeutnyttelseskoblingen utføres for å hjelpe energilagringssystemet med å forbedre den generelle økonomien og maksimere sykluslevetiden til litiumbatterier. For tiden har mange bedrifter utført demonstrasjonsprosjekter for kaskadeutnyttelse.
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
Dybde-samarbeid for å polere industrikjeden
Det er forstått at resirkuleringssystemet for strømbatterier involverer mange interessenter som bilselskaper, batteriprodusenter, batterigjenvinningsselskaper osv. Kjeden er lang, og det er fortsatt mange vanskeligheter i selve driftsprosessen.
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
Det er rapportert at en rekke selskaper har distribuert resirkulering av strømbatterier i dette blå havet:
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
I januar 2018 signerte China Tower Corporation og 16 selskaper, inkludert Sound Group, en strategisk partnerskapsavtale for resirkulering av nye energibilbatterier. China Tower Company vil bruke strømbatteriet som er trukket tilbake fra den rene elektriske bussen, etter testing, sortering og omorganisering, for å erstatte bly-batteriet for kommunikasjonsbasestasjonens energireserve.
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
